DRILLLING
THE WELL
Remember the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:
1. round-the-clock - круглосуточный
2. spudding in – забуривание (скважины)
3. completion –
заканчивание нефтяной скважины, вскрытие
(нефтяного пласта)
4. drilling foreman = toolpusher – буровой мастер
5. crew - бригада
6. eight-hour shift - восьмичасовая смена
7. be in charge of - отвечать за
7. cuttings - шлам
8. core – керн
9. to supervise – наблюдать за ч-л
10. productive formation - продуктивный пласт
11. drilling fluid
= mud – буровой раствор, промывочная жидкость
12. treatment
- технологическая обработка,
очистка
13. stuck pipe –
прихват трубы
14. kelly – ведущая
бурильная труба
15. rotary table
- буровой ротор, стол бурового
ротора
16. weight on the bit – нагрузка на долото
17. weight
indicator - индикатор нагрузки на
буровой инструмент
18. drill string
- колонна бурильных труб, бурильная
колонна
19. to descend -
опускать, спускать
20. joint – стык,
соединение
21. to screw on - привинчивать
22. the first tool
joint - первое замковое соединение,
первый бурильный замок
23. to insert wedges – вставлять зажимные
плашки
24. rotary slips –
плашки для зажима бурильных труб в роторе
25. recess – паз,
выемка, желобок
26. table bushing –
втулка (вкладыш) роторного стола
27. derrick –
буровая вышка, установка
28. tongs – трубный
ключ, захваты
29. to resume – начинать снова
30. to replace – заменять
31. stand - свеча бурильных труб
32. to stack – укладывать правильными рядами
33. derrick man – верховой рабочий
34. pulling out
–подъем, извлечение
35. running in -
спуск
36. round trip – рейс, спускоподъемная
операция
37. rig – буровая
установка (включая вышку)
Read and translate the text
using a dictionary:
The technique of drilling.
The drilling of a well is a round-the-clock operation
and usually continues uninterruptedly from the moment of drilling the first
foot (spudding in) until completion. Under the supervision of a drilling
foreman (toolpusher), three crews, each comprising a driller and four men, work
three eight-hour shifts. A mechanic attends to the engines and other
specialists are called in as required.
While the drillers are responsible for the mechanical
operations of drilling, the engineer in charge has to see that the drilling
programme is carried out to best advantage. He may examine drill cuttings and
cores before sending them to the laboratory for more detailed examination; he
may supervise production tests of potentially productive formations; he will
repeatedly test the drilling fluid to ensure its proper consistency and
performance, and will see that it receives any necessary chemical or mechanical
treatment. This is most important, because neglected or improperly treated mud
can seriously impede progress, or even lead to loss of well control, stuck pipe
or equally serious hazards.
When the
drilling string has been run to bottom and the kelly connected, the mud pumps
are started and when normal circulation is achieved the rotary table is put
into motion and drilling proceeds. The weight on the bit, as shown by the
weight indicator, is kept at the required value by gradually lowering the
string until the kelly has descended through most of its length and another joint
has to be screwed on. The kelly is then raised until the first tool joint shows
above the rotary machine when the weight of the string is taken up by inserting
wedges (rotary slips) around the drill pipe. These slips fit into a recess in
the rotary table, known as the table bushing. The kelly is then unscrewed by
means of mechanically operated tongs and is placed to one side of the derrick.
A 30 ft joint of drill pipe is screwed on the kelly is replaced and drilling is
resumed.
At intervals, generally because a bit has to be
replaced, the entire string is pulled and unscrewed in 90 ft stands which are
stacked in a nearly upright position on one side of the derrick floor with the
help of the derrick man. This man occupies a rather precarious position on a
platform high up in the derrick, to which he is attached by a safety belt.
Pulling out and running in a long, heavy drilling
string (the entire operation is called a 'round trip') is a lengthy business in spite of efficient handling methods and powerful equipment. On a well
organized rig drilling at 15 000 ft, it may take 51 hours to pull out and 31
hours to run back in again, the pulling out taking longer on account of the
great weight (about 100 tons) to be lifted in the early stages.