Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски (1-10) частями предложений^1. In 1952, a major computing company took a decision
to get out of the business of which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary . They believed that there was only
a market for four mainframes in the world. That company was IBM. The following
year they reversed their decision.
2. In 1980, IBM decided that there was a market for
250,000 PCs, so they set up a special team to develop their first IBM PC. It
went on sale in 1981 and which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary which, over the next ten years, was only
seriously challenged by one other company, Apple computers. Since then, over
ninety million PCs made by IBM and other manufacturers have been sold. Over
this period, PCs have become commodity items. Since IBM made the design
non-proprietary, which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary .
3. The history of the multi-billion dollar PC industry
has been one of mistakes. Xerox Corporation funded the initial research on personal
computer in their Palo Alto laboratory in California. However, the company
failed to capitalize on this work, and the ideas that they put together went
into the operating system developed for Apple’s computers. This was a graphical
interface: using a mouse, the user clicks on icons which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary .
4. The first IBM PC was developed using existing
available electrical components. With IBM’s badge on the box it became the
standard machine for large corporations to purchase. When IBM were looking for
an operating system, they went initially to Digital Research, which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary –
these are operating systems in which the users type in commands to perform a
function. When the collaboration between IBM a Digital Research failed, IBM
turned to Bill Gates, then 25 years old, to write their operating system.
5. Bill Gates founded Microsoft on the basis of the
development of MS/DOS, the initial operating system for IBM PC. Digital
Research continued to develop their operating system, DR/DOS, widely considered
to be a better product than Microsoft’s. However, which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary , it became a
minor player in the market.
6. The original IBM PC had a minimum of 16K of memory, which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary , and ran with a processor speed of 4,77MHz. Ten years later, in
1991, IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of memory, expandable to 64Mb, running with
a processor speed of 33MHz. The cost of
buying the hardware came down considerably which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary . Large companies are
considering running major applications on PCs, something, which twenty years
ago, no one would have believed possible of a PC.
7. The widespread availability of computers has in all
probability changed the world for ever. The microchip technology which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary has put chips not only into computers, but also into washing machines and cars.
Some books may never be published in paper form, which represent the function to be performedas the machines became commodity itemsset a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibilitywho were market leaders in command-based operating systemswhich made the PC possiblemaking mainframe computersbut may only be made available as part of public databaseswithout the endorsement from IBManyone can make thembut this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary .
8. Networks of computers are now being used to make
information available on a world wide scale.