Read the text: During the Old Kingdom, the period when Egypt was ruled by the Kings of the 3rd to 6th Dynasties, artists and craftsmen were drawn to the court to work under tbe patronage of the king and his great nobles. Techniques of working in stone, wood, and metal made tremendous progress. It is demonstrated by surviving large scale monuments, such as the pyramids of the 4th Dynasty and the sun temples built by the 5th Dynasty kings. The pyramids of the 4th Dynasty are the most spectacular of all funerary works and the only remained wonder of the world. These monuments celebrated the divinity of the kings of Egypt, linking the people with the great gods of earth and sky.This was a time when trade and economy flourished. Craftsmen worked in the finest materials, and were able to experiment with techniques of metalworking. This enabled them to produce large metal figures. The earliest that survive are the copper statues of Pepi I and his son, found at Hierakonpolis. Made c. 2330 BC they are badly corroded but still impressive in their stiffly formal poses. The eyes are inlaid, and the crown and the kilt of the king, now missing, were probably originally made of gilded plaster.During the prosperous period known as the Middle Kingdom fortresses were built to defend the southern and eastern borders, and new areas of land were brought under cultivation. Craftsmen achieved new levels of excellence. Very little architecture remains — many royal monuments were robbed for their stone in later periods — but what has survived shows great simplicity and refinement. The example is the pyramid of Sesostris I at Lisht.The establishment of the 18th Dynasty marked the beginning of the New Kingdom and a new blossoming of the arts and crafts of ancient Egypt. Craftsmen benefited from wider contact with other civilizations, such as those of Crete and Mesopotamia, and were also able to work with imported raw materials.The kings ordered to artists and craftsmen to build great temples and palaces all over Egypt. The temple walls were covered with reliefs celebrating the achievements of the kings and the power of the gods. The courtyards and inner sanctuaries were enriched with statuary. The most notable monuments are the Mortuary Temple ofQueen Hatsheput at Deir-el-Bahari (c. 1480 ВС) and magnificent Great Temple at Karnak to Amon as the universal god of Egypt.Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the Ptolemies, the successors of Alexander the Great, who built numerous temples of traditional style. The finest examples that survive are the Temple of Horus at Etfu and the temples on the islands of Philae (c. 323–30 ВС).Choose the correct sentence.1. Craftsmen worked in the finest materials. Blank 1 abc a) Craftsmen used precious stones for their creations.b) Craftsmen used concrete in their work.c) It was forbidden for craftsmen to use the finest materials in their work. 2. The copper statues of Pepi I and his son are still impressive. Blank 2 abc a) These statues were made of stone.b) The copper statues of Pepi I and his son have not survived.c) These statues have the power of affecting and gaining attention and feeling.3. Fortresses were built to defend the southern and eastern borders of ancient Egypt. Blank 3 abc a) Fortresses were built in the west of ancient Egypt.b) F ortresses were erected to protect the southern and eastern boundaries of ancient Egypt.c) During the Middle Kingdom many fortresses were built. 4. The beginning of the New Kingdom is associated with the blossoming of the arts and crafts of ancient Egypt. Blank 4 abc a) This was a period of stagnation in the history of ancient Egypt.b) In this period craftsmen and artists were ordered great temples and palaces to be built throughout Egypt.c) During the New Kingdom the arts and crafts flourished.5. The Ptolomies built numerous temples of traditional style. Blank 5 abc a) Numerous palaces were built by the Ptolomies.b) Many traditional temples were constructed under the Ptolomies.c) Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the kings of the 4th Dynasty.