The peoples
around the Mediterranean basin who, by convention, constitute the ancient world
elaborated stories to explain both what they did and what they saw being done.
Something like this is true, but it would be rash to go much further and
expound the speculations of pre-literate, pre-historic peoples, or even be sure
that we had wholly understood the words of historical and literate ones.
Something was being thought back then, and people developed reasons for what
they did and thought, but what those thoughts and reasons were who knows?
Archaic philosophizing certainly existed, but attempts to describe it show more
about us than them.
The philosophic
temperament is found throughout the world and may be assumed to have been
present throughout the hundred thousand years of human being. But precisely
because, on the available evidence, most of those millennia were lived under
conditions very unlike our own, we cannot take it for granted that our
ancestors saw exactly what we say we do, and differed from us only in the
explanations that they invented. The practice of
interpreting the writings of our predecessors as lisping attempts to speak a
truth we understand more clearly than did they is not without merit. Aristotle
himself described the earlier philosophers as ones who were groping for the
distinctions he expounded -- notably, the distinction between four sorts of
explanation (material, efficient, formal and final). He may have misrepresented
them -- though the evidence that he did is largely drawn from his account of
them: if we entirely doubt his word, we have almost no evidence of what they
thought. If he did misrepresent them, it does not follow that we will do much
better: our knowledge of that past is fragmentary and distorted.После написания перевода сделайте цифровую копию всех листов с текстом перевода для чего Вы можете использовать сканер либо телефон со встроенной камерой. Обращаем Ваше внимание что цифровая копия должна быть хорошо читаемой (в высоком разрешении, в фокусе, оптимальной контрастности). Цифровую копию в формате изображения либо PDF-файла назовите вашей фамилией (если получилось несколько файлов, то фамилия1, фамилия2 и т.д. Например: Иванов1, Иванов2) и вложите в специальное поле "Для загрузки файлов перетащите их сюда".