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We define management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. This basic definition needs to be expanded. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
Management applies to any kind of organization. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. Management applies to small and large organizations, to profit and not-for-profit enterprises, to manufacturing as well as service industries.
The term “enterprise” refers to business, government agencies, hospitals, universities, and other organizations. Effective managing is the concern of the corporation president, the hospital administrator, the government first line supervisor and the like.
Managers are charged with responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives.
The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different. But the fact remains that, as managers, all obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour. Top-level managers spend more time on planning and organizing than lower-level managers. Leading takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.
In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be a surplus – managers must establish an environment in which people can establish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction.
The most desirable aim of all managers should be accomplishing...