Text 4. Over the last thirty years, a new approach to management has been developing. The main idea was that the way to increase worker’s efficiency is to improve their job satisfaction and motivation. Followers of the Quality of Working Life (QWL) have been trying out various methods of making work more interesting. These include job enlargement and job enrichment and new forms of group work. With job enlargement, the worker is given additional tasks to perform. Job enrichment involves giving extra responsibilities to workers such as production planning, quality control and technical development of equipment. In some organizations, special types of work groups have been formed where workers share responsibility for certain tasks (e.g. at Volvo car plant). The basic idea of QWL is that a worker should have an interesting job. QWL encourages managers to be sensitive to the need of employees. The roots of QWL movement can be traced back to the 1920s and 1930s. Numerous studies were carried out. Their aim was to evaluate the factors influencing productivity. However, the researchers soon directed their attention towards studying people, especially their social relationships at work. This made them look for the factors influencing efficiency.