Listen
to the article and fill the gaps.A number of definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) have Blank 1 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence over
the last few decades. John McCarthy offers the following definition in this
2004 paper: "It is the science and Blank 2 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence of making intelligent Blank 3 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence ,
especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of
using computers to understand human Blank 4 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence , but AI does not have to confine
itself to methods that are biologically observable."
However, decades before this definition, the artificial intelligence
conversation began with Alan Turing's 1950 work "Computing Blank 5 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence and
Intelligence" (PDF, 89.8 KB) (link resides outside of IBM). In this paper,
Turing, often referred to as the "father of computer science", asks
the following question: "Can machines think?" From there, he offers a
test, now famously known as the "Blank 6 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence Test", where a human
interrogator would try to distinguish between a computer and human text
response. While this test has undergone much Blank 7 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence since its publication, it
remains an important part of the history of AI.
One of the leading AI textbooks is Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. In the book, they Blank 8 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence into four Blank 9 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence
goals or definitions of AI, which Blank 10 Вопрос 1 machinesdifferentiatescrutinyengineeringTuringmachinery surfaced delvepotential intelligence computer systems as follows:
Human approach:
Systems that think like humans
Systems that act like humans
Ideal approach:
Systems that think Blank 11 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms
Systems that act rationally
In its simplest form, artificial intelligence is a field that combines
computer science and Blank 12 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms datasets to Blank 13 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms problem-solving. Expert systems,
an early successful application of AI, aimed to copy a human’s decision-making
process. In the early days, it was Blank 14 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms to Blank 15 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms and Blank 16 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms the human’s
knowledge.
AI
today includes the sub-fields of machine learning and Blank 17 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms learning, which
are frequently mentioned in conjunction with artificial intelligence. These
disciplines are comprised of AI Blank 18 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms that typically make predictions or
classifications based on Blank 19 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms data. Machine learning has improved the quality
of some Blank 20 Вопрос 1 expertrobustextractenable rationally codifydeep time-consuminginputalgorithms systems, and made it easier to create them.