Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски:The
term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of
electronic and electromechanical components. Computer has no intelligence by
itself and is referred to as hardware which is the computer’s physical
electronic and mechanical parts. A computer system can be viewed as consisting
of five most vital elements: …hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system . When one computer system is
set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the
sixth system element of the total computer system.
…hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system . They create the computer software instructions and respond to
the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of
information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a
program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical
operations, and then give results. The data is raw material while information
is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is
used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store
information in the digital form.
…hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system . Analog computers solve problems by
using continuously changing data (temperature, pressure, voltage) rather than
by manipulating discrete binary digits (1s and 0s) as digital computers do. In
current usage, the term computer usually refers to digital computers. Hybrid
computers combine elements of both types. Digital computers are generally more
effective than analog computers for three principal reasons: they are not as
susceptible to signal interference; they can convey data with more precision;
and their coded binary data are easier to store and transfer than are analog signals.
Such computers can represent any type of data, from
numbers and letters to musical notes. …hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system .
A vague image of modern computer was first outlined in
1833 by British mathematician Charles Babbage. His design of an “analytical
engine” contained all the necessary elements of a modern computer: input
devices, a store (memory), a mill (computing unit), a control unit, and output
devices. The design called for more than 50,000 moving parts in a steam-driven
machine as large as a locomotive. Most of its actions were executed through the
use of perforated cards: a method that was already used to control automatic
silk-weaving machines called Jacquard looms by the name of the inventor. It
was one of the first programmable devices.
In
the 1880s Herman Hollerith developed a calculating machine able to count,
collate, and sort information stored on punch cards. His “tabulator” quickly
demonstrated the efficiency of mechanical data manipulation. In 1896 Hollerith
founded the Tabulating Machine Company to produce similar machines. In 1924 the
company changed its name to IBM. The most popular of operating systems – which
are used to run mainframes, built by the
industry leader IBM – include MVS, DOS/VSE, and VM. …hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system the dominant
business information system until the late 1960s.
From 1939 to 1942, American physicists John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built
a computer based on the binary numbering system. Their ABC (Atanasoff-Berry
Computer) is often credited as the first electronic digital computer.
Furthermore, George Boole, a British mathematician, had already devised a
complete system of binary algebra that could be applied to computer circuits.
Boolean algebra, developed in 1848, bridged the gap between mathematics and logic
by symbolizing all information as being either true or false.
…hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system is made by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, the founders of the
Apple II computer. It is also worth
mentioning William Henry Gates III, (known as Bill Gates), the father of
Microsoft Company. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the
mid-20th century (1940–1945). Early electronic computers were the size of a
large room. Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are
millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the
space.
…hardware, software, people, procedures, and dataThis process is called digitizationThere are two different types of computers – analog and digitalIBM made punch-card office machineryThe most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computerAn incredible important contribution in computer technology developmentPeople are the most important component of the computer system . Embedded computers are
small, simple devices that are used to control other devices for example; they
may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots,
digital cameras, and children's toys.